Primary sources · Official records · Firsthand accounts

Sources for the archive.

Selected records supporting the archive’s historical exhibits. Original material is linked at the point where it contributes directly to Jim Leonard’s documented story.

Recovered original Cyclone Jim website
Primary personal account

Jim Leonard’s original biography

Jim’s retrospective describes his formative Miami experiences during Hurricanes Donna, Cleo and Betsy, his pursuit of severe weather, and his later years documenting storms around the world.

Contemporary newspaper profile · Home & Garden, page 1

“Chasing the Wild Wind for Thrills and Profit”

Nick Ravo’s March 11, 1992 New York Times profile introduces Jim in Miami, documents his 1991 move to Guam, and places him within the small community of early storm chasers.

National Hurricane Center oral history

Richard Pasch remembers Jim

Pasch describes Jim as a good friend and recalls their shared interest in weather photography, providing direct context for Jim’s relationship with National Hurricane Center meteorologists.

In one short exchange, Pasch recalls making Miami weather films with his “good friend Jim Leonard,” including dust devils and waterspouts. Richard Pasch, NHC Q&A, April 2012
Anticyclonic tornado west of Alva, Oklahoma, photographed by Jim Leonard on June 6, 1975
NOAA photographic record

The 1975 anticyclonic tornado

NOAA and the National Severe Storms Laboratory preserve Jim’s photograph of an anticyclonic tornado west of Alva, Oklahoma, on June 6, 1975.

Cover of In the Shadow of the Tornado by Richard Bedard
Book evidence · pages 146–147

In the Shadow of the Tornado

Richard Bedard’s 1996 book profiles Jim’s close-range tornado chasing on pages 146–147. The index confirms the entry on page 162.

“Jim Leonard lying flat across the rear seat. He has pursued tornadoes since 1974.” Richard Bedard, p. 147
Printed page 6 of Joseph Golden's Hurricane Hugo report, including the passage about Jim Leonard's Luquillo videotape
Federal technical documentation · printed page 6

Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico

Joseph Golden’s federal report describes Jim’s Luquillo videotape, the damaging eyewall conditions it recorded and his digital barometer observation. The scientific chronology presents the exact report page in the archive reader.

Firsthand interview · recorded 2015

Dr. Neil Frank remembers early chasers

Frank recalls Jim and other storm chasers gathering at the National Hurricane Center after storms to compare notes and play field audio. The Jim Leonard exchange begins at 10:14.

Firsthand account · archived January 7, 2009

Michael Laca on meeting and learning from Jim

Laca’s TropMet profile traces their friendship to a Hurricane Diana videotape he bought in December 1984. It describes Jim bringing his footage to Laca’s home, their first planned chase season, the 1985 Elena intercept with Richard Pasch and Jim’s continuing mentorship.

Contemporary websites · archived 2000–2005

Jim’s years as a storm-chasing guide

Archived Cloud 9 Tours and Cyclone Tours pages document Jim’s work as a guide, forecaster and co-owner. The records connect him with Charles Edwards, R. J. Evans, Keith Brown, Mike Theiss, Olivier Staiger and Brad Riley, and preserve a May 27, 2000 tour intercept near Windthorst, Texas.

University program · April 9, 2005

Hurricane Ivan presentation

The University of South Alabama’s SECAPS agenda lists Jim for a 30-minute public-session presentation on Hurricane Ivan and the 2004 hurricane season.

Firsthand mentorship account

Jim Edds on learning from Jim

Edds describes receiving practical positioning and safety guidance from Jim during Hurricane Georges, and places their friendship within a wider network of South Florida and Guam chasers.

Firsthand memorial · November 4, 2014

Roger Edwards remembers a mentor and innovator

Edwards traces a friendship that began at the National Severe Storms Laboratory in 1986. His account records Jim sharing storm films with researchers, adapting through successive generations of video equipment, teaching hurricane forecasting and positioning, and freely supporting scientific and public education.

Memorial fund announcement · 2015

Jim Leonard Memorial Meteorology Scholarship Fund

Jim Edds’s Extreme Storms site announced a fund through the Mississippi State University Foundation for meteorology students selected by the Department of Geosciences. The surviving page preserves the fund’s stated purpose and original contribution instructions.

University profile · 2011

Jim Edds on chasing Hurricane Georges with Jim

The University of West Florida’s profile of alumnus Jim Edds records his 1998 Hurricane Georges chase with Jim Leonard. Edds recalls Jim’s guidance on choosing a safe position and recognizing the eye through changing winds—practical knowledge shared between friends and chase partners.

Named memorial recollections · November 2014

Chasers remember Jim’s generosity

The Stormtrack memorial preserves named recollections of Jim as a chase partner and mentor. Jason Persoff describes their shared field work; another contributor records Jim copying and mailing rare tornado footage so the recording would not disappear.

Chaser interview · January 2012

Jim’s influence reaches a younger generation

In a retrospective interview, Shane Adams identifies Jim as the first storm chaser he seriously followed and a formative example during his early years. The account documents influence beyond Jim’s direct chase partners.

Contemporary storm-chasing publication · 1983

Films shared at a Norman gathering

Storm Track reported Jim Leonard and Barbara White showing videotapes from the May 13 Estelline supercell at a gathering of tornado chasers in Norman, Oklahoma.

Firsthand memorial recollections · 2014

Friends and chase partners remember Jim

Named recollections from Steve Wachholder, Mike Theiss and others describe shared hurricanes, storm-film screenings, friendship and Jim’s influence as a field mentor.

Moving-image catalog

Films, interviews and broadcasts

The archive’s searchable directory records surviving uploads, broadcast appearances, oral histories and institutional exhibits.

Contemporary records and later archival research · 1935–1943

The early hurricane flights

Cuban and American reporting, the U.S. Weather Bureau’s 1943 account and later aviation research separate hurricane location, meteorological penetration and operational reconnaissance.

Contemporary trade press · September 1926

Ralph Radnor Earle’s hurricane newsreel

A contemporary motion-picture trade report identifies Pathé cameraman Ralph Radnor Earle with film made in the Great Miami Hurricane disaster zone, an early documentary precursor to later independent hurricane field work.

Oral history and field records · 1965–2018

Independent hurricane chasing becomes a network

Participant recollections and later interviews document an early bridge from Terry Nixon and Richard Horodner to Jim Leonard, then to a larger generation of meteorologists, camera operators and field researchers.

International historical context

Cyclone observation beyond America

Official histories from the Philippines, India, Hong Kong and Taiwan place modern chase culture beside older warning networks and later Asian aircraft research.

Firsthand chase account · August 2004

Jim explains his Hurricane Charley positioning

Jim’s contemporaneous account describes recognizing Charley’s north-northeast turn, abandoning an earlier Sarasota plan and repositioning around Fort Myers and Port Charlotte. The account complements the National Hurricane Center observer table that preserves his 950.0-millibar reading.

Chaser interview · 2019

Jim’s videotapes inspire another chaser

Bill Reid recalls seeing storm-chasing VHS tapes by Jim Leonard and Tim Marshall around 1990 or 1991. Reid identifies the recordings as the experience that showed him serious storm chasing existed and inspired him to pursue it himself.